Why did humans trade the freedom of hunter-gatherer life for the complexities of city living? This documentary delves into the pivotal transition to agriculture, revealing how it reshaped our biology and society. Discover the Natufian culture's sedentary beginnings, the Neolithic Revolution's impact on our health, and the rise of the first empires, including Sumer. Unearth the origins of inequality and the societal structures that emerged from the Fertile Crescent to Mesopotamia. Join us on this journey through ancient history and understand the true cost of civilization as we know it today. Keywords: civilization, agriculture, Mesopotamia, ancient history, inequality, health, urbanization.