The assessment from June 1 by ISW verified that Ukraine's drone and missile operations are successfully hindering Russian ground communication lines throughout the region — stretching from the occupied Luhansk Oblast to Crimea. Additionally, Ukraine is intensifying its drone activities targeting Russian military training areas within occupied territories. In May alone, this campaign led to the destruction of 18 Russian oil facilities. In retaliation, Russian forces deployed 229 drones overnight but did not achieve any confirmed territorial gains.